What?

Behaviourism is a learning theory that focuses on how external stimuli and reinforcement shape observable behaviours. It argues that behaviour can be changed through repeated rewards and punishments.

When?

Behaviourism was at its peak as a theory during the early to mid-20th century, particularly in the 1920s to 1950s. It was led by influential figures such as Ivan Pavlov, John Watson, and B.F. Skinner.

How?

A teacher using behaviourism may provide immediate feedback and rewards for correct answers to reinforce desired learning outcomes and encourage active participation in class.

Why?

Behaviourism has transformed the way we think about:

• observable learning outcomes

• reinforcements and rewards

• behaviour management

• instructional design

• designing learning environments